Supporting Information

A cation-dipole-reinforced elastic polymer electrolyte enabling long-cycling quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries

 

 

 

 

Fig. S1. The optimized structure of (a) VC-VC, (b) EA-EA, (c) EA-Li-EA, (d) VC-Li-VC, (e) EA-PY13-EA, (f) VC-PY13-VC.

 Fig. S2. TGA curves of CLSPE and CLSPE-IL4.

 

 

Fig. S3. (a) EA-co-VC copolymer matrix membrane, (b) CLSPE, (c) CLSPE-IL4 after thermal treatment on a hot plate for 30 min.

 

 

Fig. S4. Chronoamperometry profile of symmetric Li/Li cells based on CLSPEs at a polarization potential of 10 mV at room temperature (the inset is the EIS of Li/Li cells based on CLSPEs before and after the polarization).

 Fig. S5. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of CLSPEs polymer electrolyte membranes at room temperature.

 Fig. S6. CV profiles of Li/Li symmetric cells based on CLSPE-IL4 after 2000 h cycling.

 

Fig. S7. (a) EIS of Li/Li symmetric cells based on CLSPEs. (b) EIS of Li/Li symmetric cells based on CLSPE-IL4 before and after cycling for 2000 h.

 Fig. S8. XPS of (a) F 1 s and (b) C 1 s of the cycled Li metal anode dissembled from Li/Li symmetric cells based on various electrolytes, including CLSPE-IL2, CLSPE-IL3, CLSPE-IL4, CLSPE-IL5 (from top to bottom).

 Table S1. Peak areas of different substances and corresponding percentages.

No

Peak area of LiF (N)

Peak area of All F compounds (N)

LiF ratio (%)

Peak area of Li2CO3 (N)

Peak area of All C compounds (N)

Li2CO3 ratio (%)

CLSPE-IL2

38.47

91.48

41.94

62.36

513.15

12.16

CLSPE-IL3

70.89

140.70

50.38

37.19

589.69

6.31

CLSPE-IL4

37.95

74.53

50.91

29.27

479.07

6.11

CLSPE-IL5

26.54

32.98

80.47

92.34

543.45

16.70

 

 Fig. S9. Cycling performances and Coulombic efficiency of LiFePO4/Li cells based on different electrolytes at 25 ℃.

 Fig. S10. Cycling performances and Coulombic efficiency of the CLSPE-IL4-based LiFePO4/Li cells for 250 cycles under 1 C and 3 C at 80 ℃.

 Fig. S11. Cycling performances and Coulombic efficiency of the CLSPE-IL4-based LiFePO4/Li cells for 100 cycles under 0.1 C at 0 ℃.

 Fig. S12. (a) Photo of the cathode/polymer electrolyte dissembled from the CLSPE-IL4-based LiFePO4/Li cell, SEM images of (b) the surface of polymer electrolyte membrane and (c) the cross section of cathode/polymer electrolyte, and (d-g) EDS elemental mapping of C, O, S and F.